Believing support from France, Muhammad Ali refused. After initial Egyptian successes, the powers of Europe moved to intervene: the United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia and Russia all convened at the Convention of London and demanded Muhammad Ali withdraw from the Levant, offering him and his successors rule over Egypt provided they remained nominally part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans had already shown signs of weakness by this point, sometimes called the "Sick Man of Europe" thanks to its declining influence, and the Egyptians were incredibly strong and militarily advanced.
The Oriental Crisis began in 1840 when Muhammad Ali Pasha declared Egypt independent from rule by the Ottoman Empire.
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